Boiler system including an economizer



Jan. 15, 1935- F. WENGE 1,988,063

BOILER SYSTEM INCLUDING AN ECONOMIZER Filed Oct. 1, 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 /Z l x,

Jan. 15, 1935. F. WENGE 1,988,063

I BOILER SYSTEM INCLUDING AN EGONOMIZER I Filed Oct. 1 1932 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 x V f Fzlq. 7 Fly. /0,

I fin for:

FF/fz We 55 as a piston valve and a float operating -upon Patented Jan. 15, I935 es-sow 'A'n. ore-Eton BOILER" SYSTEM ECONOMIZE-R- Fritz 'Wenge; Frankfort: on-the'vMain; Germany; assignortoe Elektrizitats=Actien-Gesellschafit a Main, @Germany Applicationflctob'eril, 1932; Serial No; 635,839.

In rGermanyIOctoberfl; 1931.

9'Claims; (01. 122 444) 1 Myfl invention relates-to aboi'l'er'system-in a predetermined decrease-* of the leve1= in thewater-containing portion of the separator, for

eluding aneconomizer, and 'more particularly -'to a device for protectingthe economizer' during the-inactivity of themeans for feeding waterto thefboiler through the economizer;

It is known to protect economizers'from sud den pulsations of the' pumps and water ham me'r by arranging the feed valves or automaticfeedwater regulators in-front of the econom-- izers. Such automatic means for feedingthe" boiler in dependence" on the water level inthe boiler are alsdpro'vidd inmy system: How ever; when the feed valve is closedthe flue gases raise the temperature of" the-"water enclosed in the 'economi'zer: As aresult; steam'is formed in the economize!" so thata' cushionfofvapour is 'formed between thewater in "theboilerand" in'theeconomi'zer; New; whenthe -lfeed offthe' boiler starts again; the feed water flows athigh speed through the economizer, pushingthesteam" beforeit into the" steam" boiler and? causing the we'll known water hammer which leads to 7 disturb'ances" in operation" and""sometimes"even'" to" the explosion of the economizeni Decreases in'" the water'conte'nt of the economize'r or formation -of the above mentioned vapor cushion may also result from separations" of gases; leakages or the like; andwill produce the same' disturbing effects. Devices "have already been proposed;

intended to avoid the disadvantages resulting" valve or feed water regulator in frontofthe economizer, for feeding Water to" the-boiler through the" economizer in dependence 'onthe" water level in the boiler; I'provide a. device"v for. protecting the eeonomizer during the" inactivity i "of theautomatic' feeding means.

The protecting devicecomprises a 'steamseparatorwith" feed-pipe connections from its water containing portion to the boiler and to" the economiz'er'pand a steam pipe connecting its steam-containing portion to the'boilerr I fu'r ther provide a bypass or water feeding means for-the OIlOiIliZBI; which by-pass is controlled" independently of the automaticwalve"or"regulato'r in frontoi the economizer; andmeans such opening the flow 'passages' through the steam pipe 'and-through the by-pass. The piston-valveor'the like is also arrangedtoclosethe passages after the-feeding means has raised the level in-- the-"water containing portion of the separator to a predetermined desiredlevel.-

Myinventionis suited for all kinds of "economizers but isparticularly; useful for the-up-to date ribbedtype-which has- -asmall water 'space" Figj'l is an axial-section of the protecting a Fig; 2" is-a" section on" the line'lI Ili in Fig. 1, showing the vice} V Figs-J3 and -i are 'elevationsof a piston valve 'foreontrollingthe aforesaid fiowpasses; Fig.4 beingviewed at right anglesjto Fig. 3,'

a manner'similar to "Figsi3 and' l; a bushingin' whichthe, piston valveis mounted. to slide;

Fig. 'T'is an elevation ofa'cap nut forholding the lower end of the bushing;

upper end of the protecting do A Figsgfij and 6 are elevationsillustrating,"

Eig; 8 is a 'sectiorron' the; line VIII--VI II "in"" Fig; 1,

Figt9 is a section on the line IX- -IX in Fig; 2, and

Fig. .10 is a diagrammatic elevation of the boiler" system;

Referring, now "to the'drawings, and firstto' Fig; "10,;fais a steam generator; here'shown'as' a tubular-boiler. c'is' an economizer'which'is' connected to a main feed'pipe F, and b 'is'the aforesaid automatic valve or regulator which" is:

arrangedin front of the economizer c, and is operated by a float Bin the b'oiler'a', and a cable C.', A feed pipeconnection extends from'the top of the economizer c tothewatevcontaining portion of the"protecting'device' u at f, and=an= other 'feed pipe connection f extendsfrom the" water=containing portion to the water space of the boiler a.

The steam-containing portion of the protect ingdevice is connected to the steam space of-the main feed pipe at a point between the automatic valve b and the economizer c; and to a subsidiary feed pipe Z. The flow passages through the several pipes are controlled by a regulating member q.

The regulating member q, Figs. 1 to 4, here shown as a piston valve, is mounted to slide in a bushing IL. As a matter of fact, the socalled piston valve is shown, solely by way of example, as a combined sleeve and piston valve, the sleeve portion controlling the steam passage between the boiler and the protector, and the piston portion controlling the intermittent water-supply means, to be described in greater detail hereinafter. To indicate the generic character of the valve, it will be referred to in the claims as cylindrical. The bushing is arranged in a housing '0 which is placed on a pipe m extending upwardly from the steam-containing space of the protecting device u with its lower end, and closed by a lid 1) on its upper end.

The several pipe connections of the protecting device u will now be described. The feed pipe connection 3 is connected to a flanged pipe I", and the feed pipe connection f is connected to another flanged pipe f', in the water containing portion of the protecting device. The steam pipe i is connected to a flanged pipe which extends from the housing 22. The subsidiary feed pipe 1 is connected to a flanged pipe h which extends from the housing 1) at right angles to the steam pipe connection 0, and the by-pass pipe 12 is connected to a flanged pipe h which is diametrically opposite the pipe 71..

The upper end of the bushing a: is packed in the housing 12 by a cap nut m and packing material q. The cup nut x has an opening in its web, and the web is spaced apart from the upper end of the bushing 11:. At its lower end, the bushing 11: is held by another cap nut p, also with an opening in its web, and a suitable packing.

The regulating member or piston valve q, Figs.

3 and 4, has two parallel grooves 1' in its upper portion while its lower portion 10' is hollow. w are holes in the hollow portion of the valve. The housing 3:, Figs. 5 and 6, has two thickened diametrically opposite portions near its upper end, with holes y therein in line with the openings of the water connections h. and h in the housing 11. In its lower portion, the bushing has holes a in line with the opening of the steam connection 0 in the housing. The space above the upper end of the bushing :c is connected to the steam containing portion of the protecting device by an equalizing pipe 1''.

The means for operating the piston valve q include a rod s which extends through the opening in the cap nut p and through the hollow portion 112 of the valve and is connected to the solid portion of the valve by a knuckle joint d atv its upper end, while its lower end is pivotally connected to a double-armed lever t which is free to oscillate about a pin 20 in the casing of the protecting device u. A float g is suspended from the longer, and another float g is suspended from the shorter arm of lever t, and-the movement of the lever is limited by adjustable checks k, k engaging the tail end of its longer arm. The specific gravities of the floats g and "g' are different. They may both be made of solid materials, of distinct specific gravities, or the float 9 may be hollow and filled with water, its specific gravity. being about 1.00.

Preferably, the two floats are so arranged and dimensioned that they are submerged in, and emerge from, the water in the protecting device 11. at the same time.

When for example the feed water supply is interrupted by the "feed water regulator b (Fig. 10), automatically regulated by the boiler water level, steam is formed in the economizer 0 due to the continuous supply of heat, which steam passes upwardly to the economizer protecting device u. This steam lowers the water level in the water containing portion of the protecting device to such an extent that the floats g and 9/ push the piston q upwardly until, first of all, the steam passage from steam pipe i through connection 0, holes w in the piston valve, holes z in the bushing 11:, the pipe m to the steamcontaining portion of the protecting device, is opened. The steam thus can flow from the economizer protecting device and thus also from the economizer to the boiler a, so that in short order the same pressure exists inthe economizer protecting device and in the boiler a.

When the piston q is moved upwardly still further, due to the downward displacement of the liquidthe water flows through the passage from the subsidiary feed pipe Z through connection h, holes 11, grooves 1', connection h, and bypass pipe n under pressure and thence into the economizer.

The steam passage remains open until the water level is restored. Both the steam and the water passage are closed so rapidly by the piston q that in the economizer protecting device u a safety cushion of steam or gas is formed. As a consequence no water can flow from the protesting. device into the boiler a. The movements of the piston q or of the lever t is limited by means such as the two adjustable checks or set screws 70.

In the same manner the water in the economizer is replaced by the construction just described when 1055 takes place due to leakage or any other cause.

According to Fig. 10 a device 23 is disposed on the economizer protecting device known per se, for example a non-return valve 23 which can be connected by the line 24 to the steam connecting line 1' between the boiler a and the regulator.

When the pressure in the economizer 0 falls due to leakage, steam can flow through the nonreturn valve 23 through the piping i and 24 into the economizer protecting device. Water can thus flow from the leaky portion so that the water level in the protecting device falls. In consequence the floats g and g move the piston q so that water can flow from the subsidiary feed pipe Z into the by-pass n and thus into the economizer c.

In Figs. 1 and 2 the regulating member is shown in the position in which the'water passage is just opened while the steam path is already partly opened. If desired the passages for the steam and water can be simultaneously opened or closed by the regulating member. Although it is preferable that the steam passage should be the first to be opened and last to be closed. In Fig. 9 the water passage is shown fully open.

Due to the space formed between the loosely fitting bushing a: and the housing 1), the bushing x can expand freely.

The regulating member q is shown in the drawings as a piston valve, but if desired can be in as form'ofiiat-valvs or rotary'valveshdving a suitable direction of movement. separate regulating membersier steamand" Water may-be used in lieu of a common-regulat-f ingmember*which 'niemb'ers may be operated either separately or in common by the' floats-yand'g. The-boss 20 of i the double armed lever t is mountedfreelyona spindle- 21"." The-pirfex tendsby meansof a stuffing-box 'through' the casing? The pin in?a'ccordarice "with the"invention" is arranged-also as-a releasing? member to; be actuated frointhe exterior; For" this purpose it is provided, as'is also the-boss 20, with dogs 22,- entraining--members;*or the like?" These engage loosely with oneanother 'so"that-fthe lever' t can oscillate freelyon the'pin without rotating the spindlein-thestuffi-ng*box;-

tion the friction of is avoided.

I'claim: 1

said economizer during the inactivity of said feedi'n'gmeans, said protecting device comprising" a steam separator withconnections from its water containing portion tothe-boiler and to the economizer and a connection from" its steam containing portion'to the boiler, a water feedingmeans for said economizer controlled independ operating upon a' predeternrineddecrease *of the level in s'a'idseparator for openi-ng-fthe'- flow passage through said steam" connectiomandfforopening the new passage through the second said feeding means, thedast' saidf- Water level" responsive means"being also arra-nged" to close the sow passage througli said-' 'steani connection and throughthe second said 'feeding' -meansafter this 'feedingnieans -'has-*-'raised -the water=- level in the separator to a predetermined desired level.

the economizer disposed inthe feedf'passagebetween the boiler and the economizen a passage erativel'y connected to said valve, means for feeding water to the economizer at certain times during the interval said feeding means is closed, a valve in said last-mentioned means, the last said valve being operatively connected to said water-level responsive means, said water-level responsive means and said valves being so constructed and arranged that during inactivity of the first said feeding means any steam which may accumulate in the protector will be vented to the boiler and water will be fed to the economizer through the second said feeding means.

3. In a fluid heating system including a boiler, an economizer, means for feeding water to the boiler through said economizer in dependence on the water level in said boiler, a protector for the economizer disposed in the feed passage between the boiler and the economizer, a passage connecting the protector with the steam space or" said boiler, a piston valve in said passage, water-level responsive means in said protector Moreover The stufling box is therebydniproved so that it will be tighteven at high'pressures'i Inaddi-= the pin in the stuflihg' box 2. Ina fiuid heating'system includinga boiler an economizer, means foe-feeding water to the boiler through said economizer independence on the water lev'el'in saidboilerja protector'for is closed; a piston valve-in "said last-mentioned -means,**sai'dwater-levelresponsive means and said *valves being {so 5 constructed and arranged proteetor-will be vented i to the-boiler and 'water will befedf-to theconomiier through the second said feedin'g meansi I In a -fiuidheating system-including a boiler, an' economizer, means for feeding water to the boiler throug'l i s the wati level' insaidboiler,"aprotector for the economizer disposed in the feed passagebetween the boiler and the economizer, a passage cona bushing loosely inserted in said housing for said 'passagei'water 'level responsive" means in said protector operatively' connected to said valve,*- means for feeding water tothe economizer at certain times during 'theinterval" said first feeding' means' is closed, a second valve slidable in said bushing for coiitr'ollingthe said lastmention'ed'means, the last said 'valve' being opmeans, 1 said I water-level i responsive means and that d-uring inactivity. of the first said P feeding means any: steam which may accumulate in the boiler-will=be vente'd tmthe boiler and water will be fed to the. economizer said'feeding meansr; I I 5.-Inafiuidheatingsystemincluding a boiler, an, economizer," meansfor feeding Water to the boiler, through saidi economizer in dependence on thewaterlevelin-said boiler, a protector for theleconomizer disposed in the feed passage between the b'oilerand the economizer, a passage connecting the protector with the steam space of "said boiler, a valve in'said passage, means for feeding water' to the economizer at certain times during the interval" said'feeding means is closed, a valve in'said-last mentioned means; the said twdvalves being formed as cylindrical elements on '"afrod,-' and water-level "responsive means in said protectorand operativelyconnected to said rodfor actuating said valves; said water-level responsive means and said rod and valves being so constructed and arranged that during inactivity of the first said feeding means any steam which may accumulate in the protector will be vented to the boiler and water will be fed to the economizer through the second said feeding means.

6. In a fluid heating system including a boiler, an economizer, means for feeding water to the boiler through said economizer in dependence on the water level in said boiler, a protector for the economizer disposed in the feed passage between the boiler and the economizer, a passage connecting the protector with the steam space of said boiler, a valve housing in said protector, a bushing loosely but fixedly inserted in said housing for ready removal therefrom and having openings therein, certain of which are connected with said passage, a cylindrical valve slidable in said bushing and having openings through the second operatively connected-to said pistonvalvefmeans for feedingwater to the economizer at certain time's'-duringthe interval-said -feeding means' meansjthe last said piston'valve being operatively"-conn'ectedto I said water-level responsive 5 that during inactivity *of the J first said feeding means any steam which may-accumulate inthe d-economizer in dependence on neeting theprotector with thesteamspa'ce of said' boile'r; 1 a valve housing in' said protector;

ready removal therefrom :and having a port' interconnecting said passage and "said protector; a valve slidable-' in' sa-id bushingand controlling era'tively connected to said water-level responsive" said valvesbeing s0"constructedand arranged adapted to cooperate with at leastsome of the openings of said bushing, the said openings cooperating to open a connection with said passage, and the said valve being adapted to control said passage, water-level responsive means in said protector operatively connected to said valve, means for feeding water to the economizer at certain times during the interval saidfeeding means is closed, certain other of the openings in said bushing connecting with said last-mentioned means, a second cylindrical valve slidable in said bushing, and having openings therein cooperating with certain of the openings in said bushing for opening a connection with and controlling said last-mentioned means, the last saidvalve being operatively connected to said water-level responsive means, said water-level responsive means and said valves being so constructed and arranged that during inactivity of the first said feeding means any steam which may accumulate in the protector will be vented to the boiler and the water will be fed to the economizer through the second said feeding means, and the openings of the said piston valves being so related to those of the bushing that under the actuation of said water-level responsive means, the steam passage will be opened before and will be closed after the second said feeding means.

7. In a fluid heating system including a boiler, an economizer, means for feeding water to the boiler through said economizer in dependence on the water level in said boiler, a protector for the economizer disposed in the feed passage between the boiler and the economizer, a passage connecting the protector with the steam space of said boiler, a valve in said passage, means for feeding water to the economizer at certain times during the interval said feeding means is closed, a valve in said lastmentioned means, the said two valves being formed as cylindrical elements on a rod, waterlevel responsive means in said proctector and operatively connected to said rod for actuating said valves, said water-level responsive means and said rod and valves being so constructed and arranged that during inactivity of the first said feeding means any steam which may accumulate in the protector will be vented to the boiler and water will be fed to the economizer through the second said feeding means, and means interconnecting the steam chamber of said protector with the outermost face of that cylindrical valve which is the more remote from the interior of the protector, for equalizing the load on the valve.

8. In a fluid heating system including a boiler, aneconomizer, means for feeding water to the boiler through said economizer in dependence on the water level in said boiler, a protector for the economizer disposed in the feed passage between the boiler and the economizer, a passage connecting the protector with the steam space of said boiler, a valve in said passage, waterlevel responsive means in said protector operatively connected to said valve, means for feeding water to the economizer at certain times during the interval said feeding means is closed, a valve in said last-mentioned means, the last said valve being operatively connected to said water-level responsive means and said valves being so constructed and arranged that during inactivity of the first said feeding means any steam which may accumulate in the protector will be vented to the boiler and water will be fed to the economizer through the second said feeding means, the said water-level responsive meanscomprising control bodies having different specific weights and volumes and each extending partly into the water in said protector, a rod pivoted on said protector and pivotally connected on opposite sides of its pivotal mounting to said bodies and a second rod pivotally connected to said first rod and transmitting to said valves the motion of said first rod due to variations in the relative positions of said control bodies.

9. In a boiler system including means for feeding water to said boiler, a main feed water valve and an economizer feeding water in depcndence onthe water level in said boiler, a protector for said economizer disposed in the feed passage betweenthe boiler and the economizer, and having steam and water-containing portions, a steam passage connecting said protector with said boiler, a pipe for supplying a water-inlet of said economizer, a valve or valves in the steam-containing portion of the protector and disposed in both said steam passage and said water supply pipe and connected with a controlling means depending on the water level in the protector, said valve thereby being capable of and regulating both the water flow in said pipe, andthe stream flow from the protector to the boiler during the time the main water feeding valve of the economizer is closed, said controlling means comprising diving bodies depending on the water level in the protector.

FRITZ WENGE. 

